Gua sha therapy pdf

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Upon completion, the researchers found that all groups improved with no significant difference between groups. Both studies reported favourable outcomes but only applied a one session dose of treatment with a short term follow-up. Both studies contained some potential methodological issues that may have influenced the results. Laudner et al. The treatment time of 2 minutes was based upon the comparison intervention of foam rolling which has been found in the literature to enhance hip and knee joint ROM with shorter intervention times.

It is important to note that Markovic 14 performed the comprehensive warm-up prior to the hour follow-up which may have influenced the favourable outcomes found. Perhaps, a longer post-intervention assessment period using pre-established time points and more stringent guidelines may have helped to better determined the lasting effects of the IASTM.

In comparison, several studies have measured the effects of self-myofascial release using a foam roll or roller massage bar on lower extremity joint ROM. The main limitation of this systematic review is the paucity and heterogeneity of evidence surrounding IASTM. Additionally, it is challenging to assess IASTM treatment effectiveness, even when used in isolation, given the inconsistent methodology e.

A second limitation is the search criteria for this review which excluded lower level evidence e. A third limitation is the literature search only included English language publications which may not have represented all the available evidence from non-English studies or studies currently submitted for publication. The heterogeneity among the current IASTM investigations makes it a challenge when attempting to translate the results into clinical practice.

The variability in study protocols including the study population, type of IASTM intervention, dosage time, and outcome measures make it difficult to determine the optimal treatment protocol. Clinicians may also benefit from reading related research on the myofascial system in order to further understand the postulated physiological mechanisms that occur with the different myofascial therapies.

Several authors have contributed to the existing body of knowledge through their research. Notable authors such as Findley 53 , Stecco 54 , Langevin 55 , and Schleip 56 have helped to increase our knowledge of this complex system. The reader is referred to the reference section which provides the citations for these authors.

IASTM is a popular form of myofascial therapy but its efficacy has not been fully determined due to the paucity and heterogeneity of evidence. There is a gap between the current research and clinical practice.

A consensus has not been established regarding the optimal IASTM program, type of instrument, dosage time, and outcomes measures. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. J Can Chiropr Assoc. Scott W. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author: Scott W. Victoria Street, Carson, California Tel: , e-mail: ude. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to systematically appraise the current evidence assessing the effects of IASTM as an intervention to treat a musculoskeletal pathology or to enhance joint ROM.

Results: A total of 7 randomized controlled trials were appraised. Introduction Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization IASTM is a popular treatment for myofascial restriction based upon the rationale introduced by James Cyriax.

Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Studies considered for inclusion met the following criteria: Peer reviewed, English language publications Controlled clinical trials that compared pretest and posttest measurements for an intervention program using IASTM Investigations that compared an intervention program using IASTM Investigations that compared two intervention programs using IASTM. Data Extraction and Synthesis The following data were extracted from each article: subject demographics, intervention type, intervention parameters, and outcomes.

Results A total of articles were initially identified from the search and articles were excluded due to duplication or not meeting the inclusion criteria. Figure 2. Table 1. PEDro score for the qualified studies. Table 2. Summary of qualifying studies. Dosage time not reported. Control: received education about the pathology, computer ergonomics, and stretching flexors and the extensors muscles of the wrist hold 30 seconds, 6 times a day , ice and generic anti-inflammatory medications.

Post-intervention and at a 3-month follow-up. Home program included stretching and strengthening the upper extremity. Note: subjects were instructed to refrain from use of wrist splints and anti-inflammatory medications during the intervention period. Post-intervention and at a 3-month follow-up, both groups showed improvement in all outcomes measures.

Control group did not receive treatment. No secondary follow-up was reported. Control : No treatment. Note: Both groups performed awarm-up up before each session. They cycled for 5 minutes and did dynamic movements 2—5 sets each leg of walking lunges, walkingknee to chest, side squats, deep squats, and standing toe-touches.

Static stretching of quadriceps and hamstring muscles was also done 2 sets of 30 seconds each. Exercises included: single-limb hops to stabilization, hop to stabilization and reach, unanticipated hop to stabilization, and single-limb-stance activities. No longer term follow-up was reported. The exerciseprogram included isometrics for hip and knee muscles, supine straight leg raise, short arc quadriceps extensions, double and single leg squats, and stretching of the hamstrings and quadriceps.

The home program consisted of similar exercises that that subjects continued until the 2-month follow-up.

Post-intervention and at the 2-month follow-up, both groups showed improvement in all outcome measures. IASTM Treatment for Pathology Five studies measured the effects of IASTM on subjects with musculoskeletal pathology which included: lateral epicondylitis 32 , carpel tunnel syndrome 35 , myofascial trigger points 36 , chronic ankle instability 38 , and patellofemoral pain syndrome IASTM Treatment for Pathology Five studies 32 , 34 — 36 , 38 were appraised but varied in their study populations, methodology, and outcomes measures preventing a direct comparison.

Limitations The main limitation of this systematic review is the paucity and heterogeneity of evidence surrounding IASTM. Clinical Implications The heterogeneity among the current IASTM investigations makes it a challenge when attempting to translate the results into clinical practice. References: 1. A novel approach for the reversal of chronic apparent hamstring tightness: a case report. Int J Sports Phys Ther.

Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization treatment for tissue extensibility dysfunction. Int J Athl Ther Training. Instrument-assisted cross fiber massage increases tissue perfusion and alters microvascular morphology in the vicinity of healing knee ligaments. Hammer WI. The effect of mechanical load on degenerated soft tissue. J Bodyw Mov Ther. Inhibitory effects of instrument-assisted neuromobilization on hyperactive gastrocnemius in a hemiparetic stroke patient. Biomed Mater Eng.

Conservative treatment of a tibialis posterior strain in a novice triathlete: a case report. Multimodal chiropractic care of pain and disability for a patient diagnosed with benign joint hypermobility syndrome: a case report.

J Chiropr Med. Papa JA. Rat tendon morphologic and functional changes resulting from soft tissue mobilization. Results: Seventy-five out of 80 participants The baseline levels of demographic and outcome measurements were comparable between the two groups. After eight sessions of intervention, the reduction in the total modified KI score was, however, The reduction in the total Menopause-Specific Quality of Life score was